Nasal polyps are a commonly occurring problem. They refer to growths that develop inside the nasal passages. They can cause various symptoms, ranging from a stuffy nose to difficulty breathing, and can be a source of frustration for those who suffer from them. In this article, we will examine and identify the signs and symptoms of nasal polyps, discuss the available diagnosis and treatment options, and provide tips to help manage them.

What are nasal polyps?
They are non-cancerous growths on the nasal passages or sinus lining. These soft, painless growths are typically teardrop-shaped and vary in size. While nasal polyps are not usually harmful, they can cause uncomfortable symptoms and even affect a person’s quality of life if left untreated.

Nasal polyps can occur in people of all ages but are more commonly found in adults. They can also develop in individuals regardless of gender or race. One should keep in mind that nasal polyps are not the same as polyps that occur in other body parts, such as the colon.

Causes
While the exact causes of nasal polyps remain unknown, professionals believe that the following factors may contribute to their development:

• Chronic inflammation: The majority of people with nasal polyps also have chronic inflammation of the sinuses and nasal passages. This can cause an overgrowth of tissue and lead to the development of polyps.
• Genetics: Nasal polyps appear to have a genetic component, as they often run in families.
• Asthma: Inflammation of the lungs can also affect the sinuses and nasal passages of people with asthma.
• Allergies: There is a possibility that allergies can lead to polyps forming in the nasal passages because of inflammation.
• Immune system disorders: Polyps in the nasal cavity may be more prevalent in people with certain immune system disorders.

Symptoms
The symptoms of nasal polyps primarily include swelling and irritation of the lining of the nasal passages. The polyps can be soft and without sensation, so one may not be aware of their presence. Here are some typical symptoms:

• Nasal congestion: Nasal polyps can cause difficulty breathing through the nose, leading to snoring or sleep apnea.
• Runny nose: One may experience chronic runny nose or postnasal drip as a result of nasal polyps.
• Loss of smell or taste: If one notices a diminished sense of smell or taste, it could be due to nasal polyps.
• Facial pain: In some cases, nasal polyps can cause pressure or pain in the face or forehead.
• Recurrent sinus infections: If one is experiencing frequent sinus infections that don’t seem to go away, nasal polyps may be the cause.

Not all people with nasal polyps experience symptoms, so it’s crucial to get checked by a healthcare professional if one experiences such symptoms.

How are nasal polyps diagnosed?
Diagnosis can be done by an otolaryngologist. A thorough examination is conducted to determine the presence of polyps and other potential underlying conditions. The following are the steps involved in diagnosing nasal polyps:

• Physical examination: The first step in diagnosing nasal polyps involves a physical examination of the nasal cavity and sinuses. The doctor may use an endoscope, which is a small tube attached with a camera on the end, to assess the insides of the nasal passages and sinuses.
• Medical history: During the consultation, the physician will inquire about the patient’s medical history, including allergies and respiratory conditions. This helps in identifying any underlying conditions that may contribute to the formation of polyps.
• Imaging tests: Imaging tests such as CT scans can be used to identify the size and location of polyps. These tests also help determine the extent of inflammation in the sinuses.
• Nasal swab: In some cases, a nasal swab may be taken to test for bacteria or viruses causing inflammation in the nasal passages.

These processes are designed to accurately identify the presence of polyps and any underlying medical conditions, allowing the doctor to create an effective treatment plan.

Treatment options
Once diagnosed with nasal polyps, treatment options will depend on the severity of the symptoms and any underlying health conditions one may have. In some cases, the below listed treatment options may be recommended:

• Nasal sprays: They may be prescribed to help reduce inflammation and decrease the size of the polyps.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical removal of the polyps may be recommended. The procedure involves using a small camera to view the nasal passages and remove the polyps with the help of small instruments.
• Lifestyle changes: When suffering from the condition, one should avoid triggers, such as pollution, and other irritants. Doing so can help prevent the development of nasal polyps. In addition, maintaining good nasal hygiene by using a saline rinse can help reduce inflammation and prevent the growth of polyps.