In osteopenia, the density of the bones is reduced to a lower level than usual. It is commonly seen as a precursor to osteoporosis, which can lead to bone fractures, especially in older adults. Therefore, it is important to learn the signs and symptoms of osteopenia to catch the onset of osteoporosis. This article will cover everything you need to know about osteopenia, including its causes, diagnosis, treatments, and prevention strategies.

What is osteopenia?
Osteopenia is a medical condition that refers to decreased bone mineral density, which can increase the risk of developing osteoporosis. While it is not as serious as osteoporosis, it can still cause weakened bones and an increased risk for fractures.

Causes of osteopenia
While there are several causes of osteopenia, it often develops as a result of the following factors:

Age
Osteopenia is more common in older individuals as bone density naturally decreases with age.
Gender
Women are at a higher risk for developing osteopenia and osteoporosis due to a decrease in estrogen levels during menopause.
Genetics
A family history of osteopenia or osteoporosis can increase the likelihood of developing the condition.
Lifestyle factors
Avoiding physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle can all contribute to osteopenia.
Other health conditions
Certain conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and hyperthyroidism, can also increase the risk of osteopenia.

Symptoms of osteopenia
Osteopenia is often considered a precursor to osteoporosis, a more severe bone condition that increases the risk of fractures. In the early stages, it may not have any noticeable symptoms, so it is often referred to as a “silent” condition. However, as it progresses, some common symptoms may arise, such as:

Frequent bone fractures or breaks, even with minimal force or impact.
A loss of height or stooped posture due to weakened vertebrae in the spine.
Back pain or neck pain, especially after standing or sitting for prolonged periods of time.
Weakness or fatigue in the muscles, particularly in the arms and legs.
Brittle or thinning nails that may break easily.
Receding gums or loose teeth can indicate bone loss in the jaw.

How is osteopenia diagnosed?
Here’s what you need to know about the diagnosis of osteopenia:

Diagnosis is usually made through a bone mineral density (BMD) test, which measures the amount of calcium and other minerals in your bones.
The most common BMD test is a DEXA scan, which uses low radiation levels to measure bone density in the hip and spine.
Other tests, such as CT scans, may also be used to diagnose osteopenia.
The findings of a BMD test are sometimes expressed as a T-score, which contrasts your bone density with that of an uninjured young adult.
A T-score of -1 to -2.5 indicates osteopenia, while a T-score of -2.5 or lower indicates osteoporosis.
Your doctor may also consider other factors when diagnosing osteopenia, such as family history, overall health history, and lifestyle habits.

What are the treatment options available for osteopenia?
If you have been diagnosed with osteopenia, it is essential to take the necessary steps to prevent the progression of the condition. Here are some of the available treatment options for osteopenia:

Supplements
Certain remedies can be prescribed by your healthcare provider to help slow down bone loss.
Calcium and vitamin D supplements
Adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D is essential for healthy bones. If you are not getting enough from your food regimen, your healthcare provider may recommend supplements.

It is essential to discuss the various treatment options with your healthcare provider to determine which option is best for you. With the right treatment plan, osteopenia can be managed, and the risk of fractures and other complications can be reduced.

How to prevent osteopenia?
Preventing osteopenia requires a proactive approach to maintaining strong bones and reducing the risk factors. Here are some steps you can take to prevent the condition:

Calcium is a critical nutrient for building and maintaining strong bones, and vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium. Aim to consume the required amount of calcium per day and get adequate vitamin D from sunlight, supplements, or fortified foods.
Weight-bearing and resistance exercises effectively strengthen bones and reduce the risk of osteopenia. Activities like walking, jogging, weightlifting, and dancing are all great options.
In addition to calcium and vitamin D, it’s crucial to maintain a healthy food regime with various nutrients, including magnesium, vitamin K, and phosphorus. Furthermore, foods like leafy greens, nuts, whole grains, and dairy products can provide these essential nutrients.

It’s never too early or too late to focus on bone health, so talk to your doctor about how to reduce your risk of osteopenia.